Noise

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In common use the word noise means unwanted sound or noise pollution. In electronics noise can refer to the electronic signal corresponding to acoustic noise (in an audio system) or the electronic signal corresponding to the (visual) noise commonly seen as 'snow' on a degraded television or video image. In signal processing or computing it can be considered data without meaning; that is, data that is not being used to transmit a Signaling (telecommunication), but is simply produced as an unwanted by-product of other activities. In Information Theory, however, noise is still considered to be information. In a broader sense, film grain or even advertisements in web pages can be considered noise.

Noise can block, distort, or change the meaning of a message in both human and electronic communication.

In many of these areas, the special case of thermal noise arises, which sets a fundamental lower limit to what can be measured or signaled and is related to basic physical processes at the molecular level described by well known simple formulae.

Acoustic noise When speaking of noise in relation to sound, what is commonly meant is meaningless sound of greater than usual volume. Thus, a loud activity may be referred to as noisy. However, conversations of other people may be called noise for people not involved in any of them, and noise can be any unwanted sound such as the noise of aircraft, neighbours playing loud music, or road sounds spoiling the quiet of the countryside.

For film sound theorists and practitioners at the advent of talkies c.1928/1929, noise was non-speech sound or natural sound and for many of them noise (especially asynchronous use with image) was desired over the evils of dialogue synchronized to moving image. The director and critic René Clair writing in 1929 makes a clear distinction between film dialogue and film noise and very clearly suggests that noise can have meaning and be interpreted: "...it is possible that an interpretation of noises may have more of a future in it. Sound cartoons, using "real" noises, seem to point to interesting possibilities" ('The Art of Sound' (1929)). Alberto Cavalcanti uses noise as a synonym for natural sound ('Sound in Films' (1939)) and as late as 1960, Siegfried Kracauer was referring to noise as non-speech sound ('Dialogue and Sound' (1960)).

Audio noise In audio, recording, and Broadcasting systems audio noise refers to the residual low level sound (usually hiss and hum) that is heard in quiet periods of programme.

In audio engineering it can also refer to the unwanted residual noise (electronic) signal that gives rise to acoustic noise heard as 'hiss'. This signal noise is commonly measured using A-weighting or ITU-R 468 noise weighting

Electronic noise Noise (electronic) exists in all circuits and devices as a result of thermal noise, also referred to as Johnson Noise. Semiconductor devices can also contribute flicker noise and generation-recombination noise. In any electronic circuit, there exist random variations in Electric current or voltage caused by the random movement of the electrons carrying the current as they are jolted around by thermal energy. The lower the temperature the lower is this thermal noise. This same phenomenon limits the minimum signal level that any radio receiver can usefully respond to, because there will always be a small but significant amount of thermal noise arising in its input circuits. This is why radio telescopes, which search for very low levels of signal from stars, use front-end low-noise amplifier circuits, usually mounted on the parabolic reflector, and cooled with liquid nitrogen.

External links

Noise International Sydney. Music for Film and TV
Aercoustics Engineering Limited. Consultants in Acoustics, Noise and Vibration
Audio Measuring Articles - Electronics
Mohr on Receiver Noise: Characterization, Insights & Surprises
Fundamentals of Electrical Noise
Noise voltage - Calculation and Measuring of Thermal Noise
Noise at work European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA)

Noise at work – health and safety in the workplace
HSE provides information on noise at work. Over 1 million employees in Great Britain are exposed to levels of noise which put their hearing at risk.

HSE - Publications: Free Leaflets - Noise
health ... For employers. Noise at Work - Advice for employers [236KB] For employees

noise.co.uk - Sound insulation testing - noise and vibration ...
Noise and vibration consultancy practice. Provides details of services available for a variety of industrial and private clients.

NOISE - New Outlooks In Science & Engineering
UK-wide campaign funded by EPSRC to raise awareness of science and engineering among young people.

noise
Noise. is a nonexistent uk organisation providing an infrastructure for arts development on a non-commercial basis.

noise from FOLDOC
noise < communications > Any part of a signal that is not the true or original signal but is introduced by the communication mechanism. A common example would be an electrical ...

Defra, Noise Mapping England
Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. Welcome to the Noise Mapping England website. Due to the graphical nature of this map based project, the information for the ...

noise society
noise hello. we're noise, warwick university 's singular society for electronic and experimental music. forums a-gogo. yes, yessirree thats right, the noise soc forums are now ...

NOISE FESTIVAL 2008
Vote for the best new creative talent aged 25 and under, in film, architecture, fashion, music, design - selected by top UK curators

The London Noise Map
the London road traffic noise map. The London Noise Map Web-viewer that was developed and hosted by Atkins from 2004 to 2008 has now been decommissioned by Defra.